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Cécile Andrée Paule DeWitt-Morette (born 21 December 1922) is a French mathematician and physicist. She founded a summer school at Les Houches in the French Alps. For this and her publications, she was awarded the American Society of the French Legion of Honour 2007 Medal for Distinguished Achievement.〔 Attendees at the summer school included over twenty students who would go on to be Nobel Prize winners,〔 including Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Georges Charpak, and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, who identify the school for assisting in their success.〔 ==Biography== Cécile Morette was born in 1922 and brought up in Normandy, where in 1943 she earned her License des Science from the University of Caen. Despite her original intention to become a surgeon,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UT Physics: Cecile DeWitt-Morette )〕 she completed her degree in mathematics, physics, and chemistry due to limited opportunities to attend medical school in France during World War II.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UT Physics: Cecile DeWitt-Morette )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UT Physics History: Cecile DeWitt-Morette )〕 Following the completion of her bachelor's degree, Morette entered the University of Paris, where she was studying when her mother, sister, and grandmother were tragically killed in the Allied bombing of Caen to support the D-Day landings.〔 In 1944, while still working toward her doctorate at the University of Paris, Morette took a job at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, then under the direction of Frederic Joliot-Curie.〔 She completed her Ph.D. (''Sur la production des mésons dans les chocs entre nucléons'') in 1947.〔(List of publications ), University of Texas, accessed 2015-04-19〕 In 1948 she was invited to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey by Robert Oppenheimer,〔 who had recently become director of the Institute. There she met her future husband and scientific collaborator, American physicist Bryce DeWitt; the couple married in 1951, and would have four children. To revitalize French research in mathematics and physics following the war, DeWitt-Morette established a summer school at Les Houches in the French Alps〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=L'Ecole de Physique des Houches (English translation) )〕 in 1951. She tells stories of how she obtained the funding by tricking her way into a minister's office and then persuaded her male colleagues to support the idea by pretending that the idea was theirs.〔(Cécile DeWitt-Morette profile ), seniorwomen.com; accessed 18 June 2015.〕 Morette was to lead this school for the next 22 years. The school was able to list twenty former students or lecturers at the school who went on to become Nobel laureates. One winner of the Fields Medal credited the summer school as responsible for his career in mathematics. Nobel laureates Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Georges Charpak, and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji identified the school as helping with their success.〔 In 1958, NATO funded a series of advanced study centres that were based on Morette's summer school.〔 Bryce DeWitt died in 2004 from cancer. In 2007, DeWitt-Morette was awarded the American Society of the French Legion of Honour 2007 Medal for Distinguished Achievement in New York. She was then the Jane and Roland Blumberg Centennial Professor Emerita of Physics at the University of Texas at Austin.〔(Department of Physics News ), University of Texas at Austin; accessed 18 June 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cécile DeWitt-Morette」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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